Epidemiologic profile and prevalence of live births with orofacial cleft in Brazil: a descriptive study / Perfil epidemiológico e prevalência de nascidos vivos com fissura orofacial no Brasil: um estudo descritivo

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile and prevalence of live births with orofacial clefts in Brazil between 1999 and 2020. Methods: Descriptive study. The population corresponded to live births with isolated orofacial clefts in Brazil registered in the Live Birth Information System between 1999 and 2020. Descriptive variables were selected according to their availability and grouped into socioeconomic and demographic, maternal and child health care, and biological variables. Data were submitted to a descriptive analysis using the Software for Statistics and Data Science (STATA). Results: During the period, 33,699 children were born with orofacial clefts, and 82.1% (27,677) of them were isolated clefts. Regarding these cases, the majority were cleft lip and palate (9,619 or 34.7%), followed by cleft palate (9,442 or 34.1%), and by cleft lip (8,616 or 31.3%). Conclusions: Live births with orofacial clefts in Brazil were male, white, with birthweight ≥2,500 g and gestational age ≥37 weeks, born by cesarean section, and with Apgar scores ≥7. The cases were more frequent among mothers who were in their first and single pregnancy and had seven or more prenatal appointments. The mothers were 20 and 29 years old, had eight to ten years of study, and were single. The national prevalence of clefts was 4.24/10,000. The South and Southeast regions of Brazil had the highest prevalence, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in the Northeast and North regions. For the Federative Units, the highest and lowest prevalences were found, respectively, in Paraná and Acre.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e a prevalência dos nascidos vivos com fissuras orofaciais no Brasil entre 1999 e 2020. Métodos: Estudo descritivo. A população correspondeu aos nascidos vivos com fissuras orofaciais isoladas no Brasil registrados no Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos entre 1999 e 2020. As variáveis descritivas foram selecionadas de acordo com a sua disponibilidade e agrupadas em variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, de atenção à saúde materno-infantil e biológicas. Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva utilizando o Software for Statistics and Data Science (STATA). Resultados: No período, 33.699 indivíduos nasceram com fissura orofacial no Brasil, e 82,1% (27.677) deles foram fissuras isoladas. Com relação a esses casos, a maioria foi de fissuras de lábio e palato (9.619 ou 34,7%), seguidas por fissura de palato (9.442 ou 34,1%) e por fissura de lábio (8.616 ou 31,1%). Conclusões: O perfil epidemiológico dos nascidos vivos com fissuras orofaciais no Brasil foi de nascidos do sexo masculino, da raça/cor branca, por parto cesáreo, com peso ao nascer ≥2,500 g, idade gestacional ≥37 semanas e com índices de Apgar ≥7. Os casos foram mais frequentes entre mães que estavam na primeira gestação, única e que haviam realizado sete ou mais consultas de pré-natal. As mães, com maior frequência, tinham entre 20 e 29 anos, apresentavam oito ou mais anos de estudo, eram solteiras e residiam em cidades do interior. A prevalência nacional de fissuras foi de 4,24/10.000. As Regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentaram as maiores prevalências, enquanto as menores foram registradas nas Regiões Nordeste e Norte. Para as Unidades Federativas, as maiores e menores prevalências foram encontradas, respectivamente, no Paraná e no Acre.

Epidemiologic profile and prevalence of live births with orofacial cleft in Brazil: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile and prevalence of live births with orofacial clefts in Brazil between 1999 and 2020. METHODS: Descriptive study. The population corresponded to live births with isolated orofacial clefts in Brazil registered in the Live Birth Information System between 1999 and 2020. Descriptive variables were selected according to their availability and grouped into socioeconomic and demographic, maternal and child health care, and biological variables. Data were submitted to a descriptive analysis using the Software for Statistics and Data Science (STATA). RESULTS: During the period, 33,699 children were born with orofacial clefts, and 82.1% (27,677) of them were isolated clefts. Regarding these cases, the majority were cleft lip and palate (9,619 or 34.7%), followed by cleft palate (9,442 or 34.1%), and by cleft lip (8,616 or 31.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Live births with orofacial clefts in Brazil were male, white, with birthweight ≥2,500 g and gestational age ≥37 weeks, born by cesarean section, and with Apgar scores ≥7. The cases were more frequent among mothers who were in their first and single pregnancy and had seven or more prenatal appointments. The mothers were 20 and 29 years old, had eight to ten years of study, and were single. The national prevalence of clefts was 4.24/10,000. The South and Southeast regions of Brazil had the highest prevalence, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in the Northeast and North regions. For the Federative Units, the highest and lowest prevalences were found, respectively, in Paraná and Acre.

Perfil Epidemiológico e Fatores Relacionados ao Câncer de Cavidade Oral em Adultos Jovens Brasileiros e sua Relação com o Óbito, 1985-2017 / Epidemiological Profile and Factors Related to Oral Cavity Cancer in young Brazilian Adults and its Relationship with Death, 1985-2017 / Perfil Epidemiológico y Factores Relacionados con el Cáncer de Cavidad Oral en Adultos Jóvenes Brasileños y su Relación con la Muerte, 1985-2017

Introdução: A incidência do câncer de cavidade oral entre adultos jovens tem crescido ao longo dos últimos anos, não estando clara a etiologia e a patogênese da neoplasia nesse grupo. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos adultos jovens brasileiros diagnosticados com carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) em cavidade oral e a relação com o óbito entre 1985 e 2017. Método: Estudo transversal de base hospitalar, com indivíduos de 19 a 40 anos, diagnosticados com CCE a partir dos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer do Brasil. Foi realizada a análise descritiva e calculados o teste qui-quadrado, a razão de prevalência (RP) e a regressão logística com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Foram elegíveis 1.761 casos de CCE em adultos jovens no período em estudo. O maior número de casos se concentrou na faixa etária de 31≥40 anos (79,80%), homens (71,90%), brancos (50,20%), moradores da Região Sudeste (36,40%), sem companheiro (58,00%) e com o ensino fundamental completo (63,40%). A maioria apresentava hábitos tabagistas (61,60%) e etilistas (56,70%), 18,50% eram profissionais da agricultura/aquicultura e 40,70% relataram histórico familiar de câncer. Foram diagnosticados em estádio avançado 68,10% e 25,50% dos casos foram a óbito. Os casos diagnosticados na língua foram os mais frequentes (42,40%) e apresentaram RP=2,638 (IC95% 2,050-3,394) vezes maior para óbito em relação aos casos no lábio e após ajuste, a odds ratio para esse local aumentou para 7,832 (IC95% 2,625-23,374, p<0,0001). Conclusão: O CCE nessa população necessita de maior atenção para reduzir a incidência e a letalidade desse problema de saúde pública

Introduction: The incidence of oral cavity cancer among young adults has grown over the past few years, and the etiology and pathogenesis of the neoplasm in this group is unclear. Objective: To describe the profile of Brazilian young adults diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity and the relationship with death between 1985 and 2017. Method: Hospital-based cross-sectional study with individuals, aged 19 to 40, diagnosed with SCC from the Brazilian Cancer Hospital Records. Descriptive analysis was performed and chi-square test, prevalence ratio (PR) and logistic regression were calculated with 95% confidence interval. Results: 1,761 cases of SCC in young adults were retrieved during the study period. The highest number of cases was concentrated in the age group of 31≥40 years (79.80%), males (71.90%), white (50.20%), residents of the Southeast region (36.40%), without partner (58.00%) and completed elementary education (63.40%). 61.60% were smokers, 56.70%, alcoholics, 18.50%, agriculture/aquaculture professionals and 40.70% reported family cancer history. 68.10% were diagnosed at an advanced stage and about 25.50% of the cases died. Cases in the tongue were the most frequent (42.40%) with PR=2.638 (95%CI 2.050-3.394) times higher for death compared to cases in the lip and after adjustment, the odds ratio increased to 7.832 (CI95% 2.625-23.374, p<0.0001). Conclusion: It is necessary to pay more attention to the population with SCC, in order to reduce the incidence and lethality of this public health problem

Introducción: La incidencia de cáncer de cavidad oral entre adultos jóvenes ha aumentado en los últimos años y la etiología y patogenia de la neoplasia en este grupo no está clara. Objetivo: Describir el perfil de los jóvenes adultos brasileños diagnosticados de carcinoma epidermoide (CCE) en la cavidad oral y la relación con la muerte entre 1985 y 2017. Método: Estudio transversal hospitalario con individuos de 19 a 40 años, diagnosticados de CCE a partir de los registros hospitalarios oncológicos de Brasil. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, y se calculó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, razón de prevalencia (RP) y regresión logística con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Un total de 1.761 casos de CCE en adultos jóvenes fueron elegibles durante el período de estudio. El mayor número de casos se concentró en el grupo de edad de 31≥40 años (79,80%), hombres (71,90%), blancos (50,20%), residentes del Sureste (36,40%), sin pareja (58,00%) y con educación básica (63,40%). La mayoría (61,60%) tenía hábito de fumar y beber (56,70%), el 18,50% eran profesionales de la agricultura/acuicultura y el 40,70% referían antecedentes familiares de cáncer. El 68,10% fueron diagnosticados en estadio avanzado y alrededor del 25,50% de los casos fallecieron. Los casos con localización en la lengua fueron los más frecuentes (42,40%) y presentaron RP=2,638 (IC 95% 2,050-3,394) veces mayor para muerte en comparación con los casos en el labio y luego del ajuste, la odds ratio para esta localización aumentó 7,832 (IC95% 2,625 ­23,374, p<0,0001). Conclusión: El CCE en esta población necesita más atención para reducir la incidencia y la letalidad de este problema de salud pública